The G20 is a premier international forum for economic cooperation among the world's 19 largest economies. It also includes the European Union and, as of 2023, the African Union. With an annual rotating presidency, the G20 operates in yearly cycles, involving a series of ministerial and technical meetings culminating in the Leaders' Summit. In 2024, Brazil will host the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro on November 18th and 19th.
The G20 was established in the late 1990s in response to the Asian economic crisis, which had far-reaching implications for emerging markets worldwide. Initially conceived as an informal forum for dialogue among Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, the G20 aimed to coordinate international economic and financial policies.
The crisis highlighted the need to include developing countries in global economic discussions, expanding the traditional G7/G8 format. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, the G20 has evolved into a Leaders' Summit, recognizing its pivotal role in addressing global challenges.
Today, the G20 represents approximately 85% of global GDP, over 75% of international trade, and about two-thirds of the world's population. While initially formed to react to crises, the G20 has become a platform for proactive policy coordination and collaboration on a wide range of issues, from trade and investment to climate change and sustainable development.
Brazil's G20 Presidency presents a significant opportunity for international reengagement. As the host of the 2024 G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil aims to actively contribute to global economic and environmental discussions. This leadership role is further amplified by Brazil's upcoming hosting of COP30 in 2025.
The Brazilian G20 Presidency is centered around the theme "Building a Fair World and a Sustainable Planet". Three key priorities have been identified: energy transition, fair sustainable development (with a focus on combating hunger, poverty, and inequality), and reform of multilateral institutions.
To advance these priorities, Brazil has launched two workforces: the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty, and the Global Mobilization against Climate Change. Additionally, a bioeconomy initiative has been introduced. Finance-related discussions, led by the Ministry of Finance, will address critical issues such as climate finance, debt restructuring, progressive taxation, and international financial institution governance reform.
The G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro offers Brazil the chance to shape global discourse and leave a lasting legacy, reinforcing its position as a key player on the international stage.
Ministers from G20 nations convened in Belém, Brazil, to discuss the urgent issue of extreme heat. This side event, held during the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group meeting, was inspired by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres' Call to Action on Extreme Heat, which was also a topic of discussion in the Employment Working Group.
The UN's call emphasizes four key areas: protecting vulnerable populations, safeguarding workers, building resilient economies and societies, and implementing ambitious national climate action plans to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius.
During the meeting, Brazilian Ministers Jader Filho and Waldez Goés highlighted the severe impact of extreme heat in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon region. They emphasized the urgent need for global action to address climate change and mitigate its devastating consequences.
International organizations, such as the World Meteorological Organization, underscored the alarming human toll of extreme heat. They presented data indicating that scaling up heat warning systems in 57 countries could save nearly 100,000 lives annually.
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